SIMMENTAL – THE ‘TESLA’ OF UPLAND SUCKLER BEEF PRODUCTION AT AIKENGALL!

by Rachel Foley | Jun 3, 2024 | 2024 Scottish News, 2024 News, 2024

We meet with James Hamilton, this year’s NSA ScotSheep host on Wednesday 5^th June, based at Aikengall located on the edge of the Lammermuir Hills, Innerwick, Dunbar and where Simmental has a major complementary role to play with the sheep enterprise.

Succession and the freedom to be your own man have always been at the forefront and long-term planning for the Hamilton family – James, Charles and Harry alongside their late father, John.  Harry took on the tenancy of Nunraw in 2010, the opportunity to purchase Barney Mains where Charles is now based came in late 2021, while James remains at Aikengall.  Combined, the three units carry 900 spring calving Simmental cross suckler cows and accompanying finishing unit together with 1,400 Blackface ewes including 700 pure ewes, 700 ewes bred to the Bluefaced Leicester and 1,400 Scotch Mules bred to Texel rams for finished lamb production.

James explains: “While we are each running our own farms, the arrangement provides that critical mass and we’re linked: the extra land has enabled us to expand the suckler herd, Barney Mains has allowed us to be self-sufficient in grain and straw and we’ve been able to develop a complete stratified sheep enterprise.
“We have always tried to build a system that can sustain itself and turn in a profit without support payments, and we are currently as close to that as we have ever been.”
He continues: “After moving from Dykefoot and South Cobbinshaw in Lanarkshire to Aikengall back in 1998, we converted to organic production which was very profitable in the early days due to good organic conversion schemes and premiums on stock of up to £1/kg.
“Organic was in fact the precursor to the current regenerative movement; it was simply a more unquantified ‘caveman’ approach. Without the ability to turn to a bag or a can to solve your problems, we learnt a great deal. It was about building fertility for crops such as kale or barley using good clover-based swards that in turn boosted feed values, clean grazings to reduce worm burdens and closed herds to prevent introducing disease – the list goes on.

“Whilst we took the decision in 2014 to return to conventional production, the lessons we learned haven’t been lost. We like to think we currently farm an intensive system on an extensive basis – we’re exploiting our resources’ potential with minimal input however we like to pay as much attention to detail as we can.

“We are finding what’s good for farm profitability is also good for the environment and carbon efficiency. When we have a good grazing sward with clovers and herbs the soil health and ability to hold pH and fertility is greatly enhanced. Recent carbon tests on upland silage fields have shown soil carbon levels of 15-18%, far greater than the assumed 2-3%. This is a great story to tell and a torpedo to the Bismarck of negative press the livestock industry sustains,” says James.

“Labour is a big issue – we each mange our units singlehanded alongside our wives – Emma, Jane and Rebecca. At Aikengall, I have part time help feeding up along with seasonal help from students at calving and lambing, consequently we need an easy care suckler, one that will look after herself, and Simmental has proved herself to us for nearly three decades.”

“Simmental has got to be the Tesla of upland suckler beef production,” says James Hamilton. “She is a great dual-purpose cow – easy calving, maternal and milky, and is able to extensively rear a quality calf each year which goes on to easily flesh. Furthermore, she is performing off heather hill remaining in BCS 3.5 totally off forage and without any extra cost through to the end of December – weather permitting, which can subsequently shorten the winter period to just four months of the year.”  In fact, Simmental has been the backbone of the family’s suckler finishing enterprise for almost 30 years and is set to continue that role well into the foreseeable future. “While we inherited Simmental when we bought Aikengall in 1998, since then we’ve worked away introducing native breeds to reduce cow size to an average 650kg mature weight and establish a fleshier, more efficient suckler cow and one that will hold her condition during winter. Today’s herd comprises 80% Simmental genetics.

“While we’ve some cows lasting for 10 years, one of objectives is to keep the herd productive and young averaging six crops. We semen test all the bulls before they are turned out, they run with the heifers for four weeks and the cows up to six weeks, and then we scan three weeks after they’re removed in mid-September and anything that’s empty is culled.”  Replacement heifers are carefully selected: “We’re annually introducing 200 head and calve them at two years – we pelvic score and weigh to make sure they’re sufficiently well grown reaching 400kg and fit to run with the bull – either Angus or Lincoln Red. We run them in two groups of 100 head, each with three or four bulls for four weeks as an insurance policy.

“After that first cross, it’s Simmental all the way and we keep these bulls in for two cycles, and again we cull all of the empties,” says James. “Our ruthless culling policy has resulted in herd fertility dramatically increasing and most cows getting in calf in the first turn.”

The Hamiltons run a string of 25 Simmental bulls; they annually refresh with a handful purchased in Stirling and occasionally top up with one or two bought privately. “We work each one as long as he’s fit, usually for up to five seasons. We do pay attention to selecting for calving ease, eye muscle and backfat EBVs however we don’t rely on them. We like a slightly smaller and ‘musclier’ type of bull, since we believe they and their progeny will hold flesh easier.  “We also like those with dark red coats – we believe they absorb more sunlight which in turn helps to keep more flesh on the cattle.”

With some 900 head of cows to calve over the three farms within a space of six weeks then ease of calving is vitally important. “We keep an eye on them and have cameras, however very little intervention is required; the calves are lively and able to take care of themselves in the most part.

“Cows and calves are turned out on to a flush of spring grass and thrive on the upland pastures and hill until nine months weaning at +300kg target weight. Three to four weeks prior to weaning we introduce creep – wheat distillers and barley to help with the transition process. The calves are then built up onto a finishing diet of homegrown crimped cereals, silage, a bit of straw and bought in protein, with bespoke minerals included,” he explains. “All calves are weighed at housing and at two-month intervals to ensure they keep on track.

“The cattle tend to finish in a tight pattern which mirrors calving, at 17 to 20 months of age – steers at an average 390kg and heifers 340kg to 350kg and all consistently grading within the U, R 3 and 4L spec. They’re very well sought after and keenly bid for by Highland Meats, AK Stoddart and Macduff beef,” he says adding: “It is a pleasure to work with the Simmental breed to achieve the type and temperament of cow and finishing beast in the farming system we are striving to achieve.”

Suckler herd performance
24 months age at first calving
95% heifer scan
96% cow scan
80% calving within the first two cycles
90% reared
6 calf crops
17 – 20-month finishing; steers ave 390kg, heifers ave 340kg; U, R 4L

Factfiles
Aikengall, Dunbar, East Lothian

1,900 acres, upland unit, 900’ – 1,200’
450 spring calving Simmental cross breeding females
600 head finishing unit
1,400 Blackface ewes

Thurston Mains
400 acres arable/good grazing lowland next door to Aikengall

Nunraw, Garvald
1,200 acres, tenanted unit
350 spring calving Simmental cross breeding females
1,400 Scotch Mule ewes

Barney Mains, Haddington
450 acres arable
140 acres rough grazing, plus 80 acres grazing next door farm
100 suckler cows

Coreshope, Heriot
2,000 acres upland unit contract farmed with the Walgate family
Running all bulling heifers and ewe hoggs

MODERN, VERSATILE OVERHILL HOUSE SIMMENTALS PROVING TO BE THE WHOLE PACKAGE

by Nicky Moreton | Mar 8, 2024 | 2024 Scottish News, 2024 News, 2024

It’s been a record-breaking year to remember for Overhill House Simmentals and owner Richard McCulloch, Armadale, West Lothian. Here we profile the 130-cow herd, look at it’s history, and some of the breeding philosophies behind its ongoing progress and development.

Factfile: Overhill House Farm, Armadale, West Lothian
1000 owned acres, +200 rented
850 breeding ewes
130 Simmental cows, small Charolais herd
2.5 – 3 years age at first calving
Spring calving March – June
90% + calves reared
9 to 10 calf crops

The team at Overhill House Simmentals had an unforgettable year in 2023 – topping the Stirling multibreed sale in May at 16,000gns and the Carlisle sale the same month at 10,000gns, then achieving a new breed record of 46,000gns at Stirling in October and finishing the year in style, selling a heifer at 18,000gns at the Nxt Generation sale in December! That level of success can never be guaranteed, but despite the unpredictable nature of pedigree breeding, the herd’s owner and founder, Richard McCulloch, says the highs have certainly outweighed the lows, since introducing Simmentals to his farm at Armadale, West Lothian, 20 years ago.

Richard’s passion for farming developed as a child, when he would regularly visit a local farm that was owned by friends of his parents. After building up a successful demolition business, his childhood dream was realised when he and his wife Lisa purchased a smallholding with 40 acres in 1993, marking the beginning of their farming journey.
Richard explains: “From that initial 40 acres, we gradually increased the acreage over the years and we purchased Overhill House in 2004. It had previously been a dairy, complete with old byres, so we started from scratch developing the steading.”

Based at Overhill House with their sons Kier (13) and Cameron (12), while their older sons Johnston and Mac work in the family’s demolition and recycling business, Richard and Lisa are now farming 1000 owned acres, with a further 200 acres rented. There are currently 130 Simmental cows in the herd, which run alongside a small Charolais herd and a flock of 850 breeding ewes. For that enterprise, they have stockman Scott Gilmour, part-time shepherd Thomas Marshall and ‘all-rounder’ Donald Rew. Freelance stockman Brian Wills also helps out and has been a great source of advice for stockman Scott, who began working in the demolition side of the business before showing a keen eye for cattle.

“Our first experience of Simmentals was when I bought a bull from Andy Ryder’s Ryden herd, to go on the Blue Grey cows that we had at the time. I was really impressed by the bull and by the calves that he left, and I got to like the breed in general – it seemed a versatile breed with a docile nature, so I decided to buy some pure females,” explains Richard.

Aiming for easy fleshing animals with good feet and legs, Richard bought from various herds, including Fole and Corskie, and travelled to Ireland to buy some bloodlines from there. He boosted the numbers significantly in 2012 by purchasing 50 females from Hector McCaskill’s Woodhall herd, including several daughters of Raceview All-Star KK.

“We still introduce new bloodlines occasionally, but we try to keep the herd as closed as possible now, other than buying in bulls,” says Richard.

Stock bull purchases have proved key to the development of the herd, and one of the earlier ones, Curaheen Drifter, certainly left his stamp on the daughters that he bred. Richard describes them as ‘excellent females – square cattle, with great ends.’ He did exactly the job that they hoped he would, while other bulls that have clicked particularly well with the Overhill House females have been Aultmore Goliath, bought for 16,000gns in 2017 and the 24,000gns Islavale Heston, bought in 2018. Heston sired Overhill House Neil, the bull, out of a Drifter daughter, that took the champion title at Stirling in May, 2023, and sold for 16,000gns – an all-breeds record price at that sale. Another son of Heston, Overhill House McCoy, was champion at the Carlisle sale in May and sold for 10,000gns.

In February, 2021, Richard paid his highest price to-date for a bull, when he bought Pistyll Kingsman for 26,000gns at Stirling. He was initially drawn to the Woodhall breeding in his pedigree which he thought would do well with his females, and then considered him an ‘outstanding’ bull at the sale. His instincts were right – Kingsman sons, Overhill House Neo and Overhill House Nestor sold at 46,000gns and 13,000gns respectively, at Stirling in October ‘23, while his daughter Overhill House Neva, sold for 18,000gns at Carlisle’s Nxt Gen sale in December. There are four more impressive Kingsman sons heading to Stirling in February 2024.

Neo, which secured the pre-sale championship at Stirling before smashing the breed record, is out of Seepa Daffodil, bought at Roscommon in 2014 for €8000. Richard says: “I was drawn to her at the sale as she was a lovely, feminine heifer, with plenty length and not too extreme – and red coloured, which I like too.” One of only a few select females to have been flushed in the herd, Daffodil had consistently bred sons that sold at 6000-7000gns, prior to 2023.

Due to the unpredictable weather conditions in the winter, the majority of the herd is now set to calve in the spring, between March and June, with a further 25 calving in September. They calve at between 2.5 to 3 years old and are given pre-calving minerals six weeks prior to calving.

“We’ve moved to mainly spring calving this year, so we can get them out to grass as soon as possible. It’s a lot healthier for the calves as we were finding they weren’t getting off to the best possible start being inside in the winter, with the often mild, damp weather conditions,” says Richard.

It makes for a busy spring though, as the lambing of the Blackfaces, Cheviots and Mules, begins inside, around 12th April. Texel cross lambs out of the Mules, plus any surplus others that are not kept as replacements, are finished off home-grown kale, which helps keep ever rising feed costs down. They also grow 150 acres of barley, mostly for their own use, with the rest bruised and sold to a few local farms.

“We select the best of the bull calves for future sales and the rest are kept entire, finished on home-grown barley, with minerals and straw, and sold through ABP at 14/15-months-old, killing out at 400-420kg d/w and achieving U grades. The heifers are mostly kept for replacements, with one or two of the best kept for the Nxt Gen sale, and some sold for breeding or as recipients.
“We keep the herd quite young, generally up to eight or nine years old, really for easier maintenance and also because we can get a good cast trade for the older cows,” adds Richard. In fact, a nine-year-old Overhill House cow won the Christmas show and sale at UA Stirling in December, selling for £2100.

Other than rising costs, the other challenge always at the forefront is herd health, which is why they are very particular when it comes to buying in any animals and also when exhibiting at shows, which the herd has enjoyed a fair amount of success at over the years. Some of the highlights, outwith the pre-sale shows, include Curaheen Drifter winning the inter-breed title at Stirling Show and Overhill House Neil securing the junior championship at Stars of the Future. At the Scottish National show at Dumfries last summer, Overhill House Niko, a son of the home-bred Overhill House Enhance, finished up overall male and junior champion and went onto sell for 12,000gns at Stirling in October.

In addition to being a good shop window for the herd, shows and events also provide the chance to mix with and get to know fellow breeders, which has been part of the appeal of the breed for Richard. He feels the breed has hugely improved over the past 10 years or so.

“The Simmental in this country is now a really modern, versatile animal that has the whole package – milk, docility, and conformation. I’ve no doubt that it’s a breed going from strength to strength and that is clear from the increased demand. We’ve seen a massive boost in demand ourselves at sales, and privately, and have a lot of repeat customers coming back, so they must be doing a good job. The society do a brilliant job of promoting the breed too, which definitely makes a difference.

“Farming’s never going to be easy and we’ve had lots of knocks along the way, but when you have a good day, it makes it all worthwhile!” adds Richard.